Racism Argumentative Essay

What is racism? The typical dictionary would state it is the prejudice or discrimination that is directed against individuals with different beliefs or race. Unfortunately, racism can be seen almost everywhere.even in a high school. Teasing, name-calling, bullying, verbal abuse and exclusion – all these forms of racism can be nowadays observed in high schools, where all kinds of people – be it teachers, pupils or workers – face with negative effects of racism. Students representing different races find it extremely hard to make friends with their peers from the other â€Å"races circles†. When things like that happen, sociability is compromised, which means there is no social growth observed within the communities. One more reason why racism should be eliminated lies within the fact that some students reject their own parental and culture values. When being discriminated for their culture, students begin to make themselves fit the mainstream culture. As a result, they abandon their parental and cultural values just to avoid prejudice. This leads to the identity confusion. Young people don’t know who they are anymore and what place they really belong to. Racism has also been one of the core reasons of drop out cases at schools. Being discriminated, students start hating school and, as a result, stay away from it. They give preference to stay in rather than meet the ones who tease them. It’s no wonder that they end up dropping out of school. This, in turn, has a major negative effect on their lives. They end up getting frustrated and even involved on crimes in order to somehow make a living. Have the teachers been somehow affected by racism? Definitely. They are being teased either by the fellow teachers or students, and, as a result, they lose confidence in their professional ability to teach and passion for teaching. They end up with being unwilling to go to work and have a depression. This significantly lowers their academic performance that affects the education system, as a whole. This is one more solid argument why should racism be totally eliminated. You will be impressed to know that some people have tried to point out some positive sides of racism. According to the viewpoints of some of them, the racist experience can help an individual to grow into a stronger person. How do they argue this? To their mind, one can gain more pronounced resilience levels in the process of resisting and respond to the marginalization and discrimination. This argument has been an error from the very beginning. The thing is that racism has been proven to cause self doubts and low self esteem that can turn an individual into a weak and unhappy person. School teachers, students and their parents – they cannot become stronger and more successful as a result of racism. Therefore, racism is now one of the most crucial social vices and we must address it in the most serious way. Racism has become the reason of lower academic performance. Besides, it has also affected the health statement of its victims and highly compromised sociality in high schools. All the effects mentioned above have resulted in weak community – high school relations and poor educational segment. Without a doubt, it is highly important to take anti-racism measures in schools in order to prevent the sad racism cases in the future.

A Comparison of Theorist - 1317 Words

A Comparison of Theorists Many of the greatest theorists of the past decade have helped form the foundation of knowledge. In this paper, this writer will compare two of the most talented theorists of the time. Abraham Maslow and B.F. Skinner are just two of the many theorists that have formed the organization in today’s classrooms. This paper will address the differences in the theories and the similarities. It will describe how each theory can be implemented in the learning environment of an early childhood classroom. Lastly, it will describe each theory that will be compared supported by research. Comparison of two Theories Operant Behavior Conditioning of Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990) BF Skinner renowned for his theory of†¦show more content†¦After meeting all the lower level needs, self-actualization occurs this is the summit, of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It is the journey of reaching ones full potential as a person (Mason, 2011). | According to Skinner, motivation stems from the way behavior is ethical behavior rewarded and defiant behavior reprimanded (Mason, 2011). | How motivation changes for Elementary Versus SecondaryStudents | Maslow states that younger children need basic needs met first. Once those needs are then they can advance to the complex problems that have open-ended answers, and then to add order to ones life or situation before reaching ones full potential as a person. Skinner states that if they work from basic to complicated steps; performance/feedback motivation of reward/punishment (Mason, 2011). | The concept of Maslow and Skinners theory support the stages in which the individuals must progress. The differences in the two theories are the manner in which the project meets their needs. Skinner suggest consequences encourage behavior; theory of operant conditioning always manipulation of rewards/ punishment; human desire belonging, feedback and positive reinforcement (Mason, 2011). | Similarities/Differences | The concept of Maslow and Skinners theory support the stages in which the individuals must progress. The differences in the two theories are the manner in which the project meets their needs. MaslowShow MoreRelatedA Comparison of Theorists989 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ A Comparison of Theorists Maliha-Sameen Saeed ECH-325 December 14, 2014 There are many great theorists for the Early Childhood Education. Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are two of the many theorists that benefit the teachers and parents to comprehend their children learning development. The paper will compare the two theorists and their difference of their cognitive development. Jean Piaget vs. Lev Vygotsky Jean Piaget cognitive development theory explained the changes of logicalRead More A Comparison of Classical Management Theorists and Contingency Theorists2642 Words   |  11 PagesA Comparison of Classical Management Theorists and Contingency Theorists The management field is characterised by a wide variety of theories, schools and directions. This essay examines the classical and contingency schools of thought -- the approaches to organization that have had the greatest impact on management today. Firstly the essay delineates and criticises the important theories propounded by classical writers. The essay continues with an account of the contingency school, andRead MoreClassroom Management : A Comparison Of Theorists1353 Words   |  6 Pages Classroom Management: A Comparison of Theorists Sandy Harter Liberty University EDUC 624 04/03/2016 Explanation of Theorists Classroom management is a popular topic in education. 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That is because, it’s understanding and application are essential in enhancing patient s care, improving communication between nurses, providing education’Read MoreComparison Of Grand Theorists According To Types Identified By Meleis915 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Comparison of Grand Theorists According to Types Identified by Meleis Maria R. Uy Maryville University Nurses over the years have studied diligently various papers especially different theories that would affect and dictate how they will manage their clients. In order for one to be more familiar with these theories, I will compare 4 grand theorists as to types identified by Afaf Ibrahim Meleis. Dr. Meleis is a professor of Nursing and Sociology at the University of PennsylvaniaRead MoreComparison of Theories on Personality Essay examples1273 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Theories on Personality Abstract This paper is a comparison of three different viewpoints on the subject of personality. Carl Jung, B.F. Skinner, and Carl Rogers all had very different outlooks on what defined someone’s personality. As an added feature I have included myself as a theorist because my views are also different from the previous mentioned theorists. This paper will also look briefly into the background of each theorist because their views on life began in theirRead MoreGrand Theory Compare and Contrast Essay example1511 Words   |  7 PagesContrast and Comparison of Nursing Grand Theorists Carol Goetz Maryville University The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast nursing theorists from the four categories which are identified by Meleis as: Needs, Interaction, Outcome and Caring. (Meleis, 2012, Chapter 9) I have chosen Faye Abdellah, Imogene King, Myra Levine and Jean Watson as the grand theorists that I would like to explore for this study in contrast and comparison. This decision was made, in part, due to theRead MoreFoucaults Discipline and Punish Essay815 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes harsh. This is called punishment. Discipline is enforcing acceptable patterns of behaviour and teaching obedience. In an excerpt called Discipline and Punish, contemporary theorist Michael Foucault explains these two concepts. This paper will summarize the author’s main points; provide a comparison with a theorist previously lectured on in class, as well as a personal interpretation of Foucault’s arguments. As probably studied in any law or history class, punishment in medieval times consistedRead MorePsychodynamic And Humanistic Theories Of Psychology1634 Words   |  7 PagesPsychodynamic and Humanistic Personality Theories The study of the human mind is an interesting topic to discuss about, we have many theorists that have come up with many different ideas or theories, in how to evaluate the mind of humans, two main ways to study the mind in psychology are psychodynamic approach and humanistic approach. Even though these theories are to evaluate human minds they have different views in how the mind works. In psychodynamic approach, the way the mind is viewed is thatRead MoreStatistical Applications1295 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: WATSON AND PALEY: COMPARISON AND CONTRAST Watson and Paley: Comparison and Contrast Penelope K. Gates RNBC HCS350 Jean Watson received her nursing diploma from â€Å"Lewis-Gale School of Nursing† in Roanoke, VA, in 1961. She went on to complete her undergraduate and graduate studies at the University of Colorado. She obtained a â€Å"PhD† in educational psychology and counseling in 1973. Her primary work has been in the psychiatric field of nursing. Dr. Watson has taught many nursing

Motivation of Employees Free Essays

Human resource, commonly known as the employees or working staff, are said to be the life blood of an organization. They work for the establishment. They are the ones who serve the clients or customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation of Employees or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, within these people rests the organization’s ability to perform its daily operations, achieve its short and long-term objectives, and eventually be one of the foundations of the success, or failure, of the organization. Thus, the need to, not just satisfy the customers of the establishment, but delight the employees as well. Situations that commonly happen in an organization include poor performance of employees, lack of dedication to work, dissatisfaction with the job and the work environment, and more. All these may bring about even worse scenarios like adversely affecting daily operations, and/or labor union strikes, which definitely paralyze the establishment’s operations. Thus, management must not only consider the gratification of its customers but the value of employee satisfaction as well, thus the need for employee motivation. More so, motivated employees contribute to the survival of the organization (Lindler, 1998). As a matter of fact, management’s motivation of employees in various ways seems to be a very essential matter nowadays. This is because â€Å"motivation is requisite to learning† (Stack, 2007). And motivation itself may come through either extrinsic or intrinsic forms, or both. Extrinsic motivation is â€Å"external inducement, namely recognition, incentives/bonuses, or rewards† (Malone Lepper, 1987). Employees frequently complain about low salaries, insufficient incentives, unsatisfactory benefits, and the like. And it cannot be denied that these are material reasons why employees tend to resign from their jobs, thus the potential for losing customer value because employee dissatisfaction and lack of loyalty. This type of motivation can be considered effective for those employees who have goals of promotional incentives. According to Michael Williams (1996), extrinsic motivators, such as rewards, added benefits good feedback, and good expectations, may be utilized to boost the employees’ effort to learn. In stirring employees with external motivators, management associates rewards to positive and constructive behavior. It is almost always inherent in every employee to feel valued by management when their performance are appreciated or praised. They usually develop the drive to perform better in their work because of the incentives received, and possibly future inducements which may be received if more effort is exerted. Intrinsic motivation, on the other hand, is viewed as promoting learning that is â€Å"explorative, self-regulated and aimed at deep-level processing, exploration, and reflection† (Martens, Bastiaens, Kirschner, 2007). This type of motivation, therefore, lacks or does not totally include external inducements. Intrinsic motivators include setting own goals for learning, placing importance on skills and contentment, being readily productive, and more. Employees are in themselves motivated to work effectively. This is not primarily because of incentives or rewards, but because they recognize the need to do so, in order to be able to perform their tasks well, become productive and serve as assets to the company. This type of motivation poses a more mature drive to learn and perform well, lacking the presence of tangible incentives. Malone and Lepper (1987) describe this as â€Å"what people will do without external inducements† (Malone Lepper, 1987). This type of motivation is possess by those employees who seek no additional reward from management but simply recognizes the interest and enjoyment in performing their tasks. No matter, as more dynamic business communities emerge, the more there is the need not simply to employ people who are capable of performing the task well but the need as well to motivate them, and make them learn to motivate themselves and love their work. Reference: Lindner, J.R. (1998, June). Understanding Employee Motivation. Journal of Extension, 36, 3. Malone, T.W., Lepper, M.R. (1987). Making Learning Fun: Taxonomy of Intrinsic Motivations for Learning. In Aptitude, Learning and Instruction: Cognitive and Affective Process Analyses, p. 255-286. Martens, R., Bastiaens, T., Kirschner, P. (2007, May). New Learning Design in Distance Education: The Impact on Student Perception and Motivation. Distance Education, 28 (1), 81-93. Stack, K. (2007). Motivation: Extrinsic and Intrinsic. In B. Hoffman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Technology. Retrieved on February 18, 2008 from http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/motivation/start.htm.       How to cite Motivation of Employees, Essay examples

A Critical Evaluation of How Theories of Motor Learning free essay sample

Louise Warren Final Assignment Critically evaluate how theories of motor learning and motor control place varying degrees of importance upon feedback and emphasise different types of feedback. Research on motor learning and control has been debated for many years. According to Schmidt Wrisberg (2007, 5), Franklin M. Henry (1904-1993) was one of the pioneers of motor skill research in the laboratory at the University of California at Berkeley. Some of his students, including Richard Schmidt, whose work is discussed in this essay, went on to develop their own theories and lead enquiry into the motor skill field (Schmidt Wrisberg 2007). How we acquire motor skills, for example voluntary movements of the limbs, body and head, is the study of motor learning and motor control. This is achieved by the state of our â€Å"neuromuscular system† (Magill 2007, 3). Motor skills are produced through practice and become part of the long-term memory through repetition of skills (Wilmerding Krasnow 2009). Edward Thorndike (1874-1949), was considered to be one of the early researchers into the effects of stimulus-response in motor skill learning (Salmoni 1989, 197). Thorndike’s Connectionism is one of the models of motor skill learning which this essay will discuss in terms of how feedback impacts learning and what type of feedback can be considered in each case. An example of learning a motor skill A dance teacher working with a student wants to improve the execution of an assemble dessus. First she decides to take the student back to the barre to focus on the action of the leg as it quickly slides to the side from the demi-plie, while simultaneously pushing off the supporting leg, then joining (assembling) the feet in the air in 5th position (Royal Academy of Dance 997, 83). The use of the barre provides an aid in learning, to help the student control the speed of the step, assisting with stability in the upper body. The student may improve her technical understanding of the step in several ways: through attention, focus and observing the teacher demonstrate the step (Krasnow Chatfield 1996). Other ways include execution, feedback from the instructor and further repetition (Krasnow Chatfield 1996); although repetition in itself does not always improve performance and may depend on whether feedback is given (Wilmerding Krasnow 2009, 3). What is feedback? Feedback aids the student by giving them information on the state of their performance or actions (Schmidt Wrisberg 2007). There are two types of feedback: intrinsic and extrinsic, which is also known as augmented feedback (Schmidt Wrisberg 2007, 285). Intrinsic feedback is the â€Å"sensory-perceptual information that is a natural part of a performing skill† (Magill 2007, 332). This is information received through the senses. In the above teaching example, intrinsic feedback could be received visually, as the student observes the instructor demonstrate the correct execution; auditory, as she hears the sound of the foot swish against the floor before the jump and through proprioception, by feeling the forefoot push into the floor. Augmented or external feedback provides additional information to the student which they are unable to detect intrinsically, usually through an instructor or another external source such as video (Schmidt Wrisberg 2007, 286). Instructors will need to decide if augmented feedback is warranted depending on how complex the skill is and think about the experience of the learner by questioning are they beginners, or more advanced in their skill-set (Schmidt Wrisberg 2007, 295)? The response would then determine the type of training and feedback utilised, however the instructor also needs to make a comparison between knowledge and actual skill for example: A novice given complete information on how to ski, a set of decision rules, and then launched from a mountain top would most likely end up in an orthopaedic ward . Bandura cited in Salmoni 1989, 207 Augmented feedback can be further divided into two areas: knowledge of results (KR), which refers to the outcome of the performing skill (Magill 2007, 333) and knowledge of performance (KP), giving the student information about the â€Å"movement characteristics which [lead] to the performance outcome† (Magill 2007, 334). Using the teaching example previously, KR could be used to inform the student if she had reached appropriate learning outcomes for jumps: for example; â€Å"Secure, stretched leg extensions† (Royal Academy of Dance 2010) on the assembling of the legs in the air. KP can be utilised in dance teaching to provide feedback about the quality of the movement. In our example of the student practicing assemble dessus at the barre, KP may be used to help improve the movement; for example a teacher may give a verbal correction such as â€Å"ensure your knees are over your toes during the demi plie before the jump†. Thorndike’s Connectionism Thorndike believed that the learning process was evidenced as the strengthening of bonds between stimulus and response. Additionally, he believed that learning was a trial and error process (Salmoni 1989, 197). If the connection resulted in a â€Å"satisfying state of affairs† (Salmoni 1989, 197), and the outcome was encouraging to the subject, then the connection was strong. If, on the other hand, the outcome was not satisfying to the subject and was an â€Å"annoying state† (Salmoni 1989, 197); then the connection was weak (Salmoni 1989). This he described as the Law of Effect (Schmidt Wrisberg 2007, 312). He thought that external feedback as KR should be given after every movement task to aid learning in the absence of intrinsic feedback or the connection would not be strong (Schmidt Wrisberg 2007, 312). With regard to the frequency of KR feedback that Thorndike originally proposed in order for the strengthening of stimulus-response bonds, other theorist’s have since questioned this. More recent research has â€Å"concluded that decreased relative frequency of KR increased learning† (Salmoni, Schmidt and Walter cited in Salmoni 1989, 45). However, further experimental evidence did not fully support this hypothesis; but as a result, further enquiry was developed in this area (Salmoni 1989, 45). One of the negative aspects of frequent feedback has been discussed by Magill. He expresses a possible side-effect being â€Å"an attention-capacity overload† (Magill 2007, 359). Adams closed-loop theory Adams theory contrasted with Thorndike’s theory of stimulus response and its role in reinforcement of learning. He believed that during the initial stages of learning, knowledge of results was not responsible for strengthening the bonds between stimulus and response, but that it delivered error information to the subject, and influence subsequent performance trials (Salmoni 1989). This would allow them to make gradual adjustments to the movement to improve execution (Salmoni 1989). Adams construct utilised a â€Å"reference mechanism† (Adams 1976, 90) which referred to a perceptual trace and memory trace (Salmoni 1989, 201). Perceptual trace is explained as stored movement information in which the KR compares the desired movement with the current movement to inform and improve the acquisition of the skill (Adams 1976) and the â€Å"extent of the movement† (Salmoni 1989, 201). Memory trace is the initiation and choice of the movement (Brian Mac Sports Coach 2011[online]). In contrast to Thorndike’s theory, Adams believed that â€Å"delay of knowledge has no effect on movement acquisition† (Salmoni 1989, 201). However, he felt that during the initial stages of learning a movement, that knowledge of results was essential for acquisition of the skill and that withdrawal of feedback at this stage would adversely affect the learning outcome (Salmoni 1989). Adam’s theorised two stages of learning: the verbal – motor stage, which was the initial acquisition of the skill through verbal-cognitive control and motor-stage, in which the skill had become controlled internally and mostly â€Å"error free† (Salmoni 1989, 201). During the initial stages of acquiring a motor skill, feedback is given to inform the student of the status of the movement which will create a response. This could be either to carry on the movement as per initial instructions if it was correct, or give augmented feedback to improve or correct the movement error (Magill 2007). As the student constantly refers back to the reference model, he improves the motor skill to the point where feedback can be reduced and he has acquired the skill. This is the closed loop theory of learning. An example of closed loop learning could be viewed as a dance student learning to develop correct posture in a ballet class. The student first receives a visual aid feedback; for example, the teacher’s correct stance, or a picture or verbal description. The teacher gives the student feedback indicating whether she has achieved correct posture with the use of verbal and kinaesthetic (hands on) cues. Eventually, the student has the image internalised and reaches the motor skill stage where she no longer needs to be reminded of the correct stance for ballet. One of the limitations of this theory is that it is a time consuming process due to the system of constantly â€Å"comparing the actual and expected feedback† in order to control movements (Schmidt Wrisberg 2007, 74). Schmidt also expresses another limitation. He describes that closed-loop control can be â€Å"inadequate for performing skills that are brief in duration† (Schmidt Wrisberg 2007, 75); for example where a batter in a baseball game has to quickly asses a change in the direction of the ball in flight (Schmidt Wrisberg 2007, 75). Therefore, Adam’s closed loop theory seemed more suited to less complex skills (Rosenbaum 2009). However, as Salmoni expresses â€Å"the theory was responsible for stimulating a great deal of research in this area† (Salmoni 1989, 200) including Schmidt’s motor schema theory. Motor Schema theory In 1975, Richard Schmidt sought to continue research from Adams closed loop theory. He believed that the relationship formed between the acquired movement information and the subsequent evaluation of the motor responses would lead to the subject forming schemata which would â€Å"determine specific actions† (Jacko 2009, 398), in order to achieve learning outcomes. Recall schema, encompasses the initial motor learning experience, including the response specifications and outcomes; this was â€Å"response production† (Salmoni 1989, 201). Recognition schema also included internal and external feedback through sensory conditions (Salmoni 1989, 201) and considered the accuracy of the response (Salmoni 1989). Unlike Adams, he believed that actions are not stored in the memory as singular moves that are connected, but that we refer to abstract relationships and rules about movement (Brian Mac Sports Coach 2011[online]). His theory described an abstract class of movements known as a â€Å"generalized motor program† (Magill 2007, 89) or (GMP) in which the subject recalls a class of movements which is retrieved when a skill involving that class of movements is utilised (Magill 2007). This theory was designed to improve discrete movement skills and use practice variables to ensure the class of movements could occur in a variety of situations (Leitch 2011). Examples of these movements could be the actions of: a tennis serve, bowling a ball and a golf swing. . Schmidt’s theory placed an emphasis on knowledge of results to strengthen both recall and recognition schemas (Salmoni 1989). According to Sherwood Lee (2003, 378) both KP and KR were used frequently after every movement trial to aid in the evaluation of the ideal movement, therefore; â€Å"updating the memory representation† (Sherwood Lee 2003, 378). Schmidt believed that withdrawal of KR would weaken the â€Å"recognition schema† (Sherwood Lee 2003, 381). However, subsequent research has questioned the effectiveness of immediate feedback in retention and transfer of learning tests (Sherwood Lee 2003, 378). This is evidenced by Swinnen (1996, 52), who explains that the learner may develop an overdependence on continuous feedback which then becomes part of the process, thereby affecting internal processing. An example of over-use of feedback could be viewed where a dance teacher constantly dances with the students, cues them before every exercise and corrects many aspects of the step. The students may not internalise the organisation of the steps by copying the movements of the teacher, or develop a reliance on the cues and corrections to remind them of the composition. However, observational learning, not copying without internalising the movement, can lead to motor skill learning as discussed in the next example. Bandura’s Model of Observation learning Albert Bandura regards motor skill learning as the act of the learner acquiring information of movement patterns from verbal instruction and modelling (demonstrating). Augmented and intrinsic feedback further strengthens the learning process. He believes that observational learning occurs due to the subject viewing the â€Å"effects of their actions during enactive learning† (Salmoni 1989, 204). Bandura’s theory is also known as â€Å"cognitive mediation theory† (Magill 2007, 318) and describes four processes. Firstly, attention; how the learner focuses attention on the task and factors which affect this (Learning Theories Knowledgebase 2011[online]). He believed that it was important for the learner to pay full attention and not just observe (watching passively) to affect optimal learning (Magill 2007, 318). Secondly, in the retention process of the observed action, memory of the task occurs including organising mental images and motor rehearsal (Magill 2007). Thirdly, during the reproduction process, the mental image of the action is turned into a physical action. At this stage successful production of the action depends on the capability of the learner (Magill 2007). The final step in Bandura’s theory is motivation; there must be a good reason (an incentive) for the learner to imitate the task (Learning Theories Knowledgebase 2011[online]). Motivation can influence a students desire to continue with the task. This is often delivered through encouraging (positive) verbal feedback to indicate how well a student is performing. Research has shown this can be effective in helping to develop a student’s self-efficacy (Magill 2007, 335). According to Bandura, without all four processes completed, the action will not be performed (Magill 2007, 318). According to Salmoni, Bandura’s theory was similar to Schmidt’s in that he â€Å"believes that people learn generative rules of action rather than specific action patterns† (Salmoni 1989, 204). Progress is monitored through feedback and movement corrections which correspond with the desired action (Salmoni 1989). Through observing the model and also receiving verbal feedback, some researches have found an increase in self-efficacy leading the learner to have belief in their ability and result in greater motivation (Zetou et al. 2008). This can be achieved through observing an expert perform the skill to a high level or watching themselves via video and receiving feedback. A study by Tzetzis, et al. cited in Zetou et al. (2008) compared self-modelling, (the subject observing themselves); observing experts with verbal feedback and the use of traditional teaching methods in novice skiers. The results indicated that the self-modelling and observing experts approach produced superior outcomes to the traditional teaching methods (Zetou et al. 2008). However it was noted that care must be taken to ensure the students are not focusing on observing the negative aspects of their own performance which can lead to a decrease in motivation (Alkire et al in Zetou et al. 2008). Observational learning can be incorporated into a dance classroom by using different teaching strategies. Here is an example discussed by Richard Glasstone (1999). Dancers learn through visual observation †¦Teaching them to watch each other carefully is one of the best ways of helping them to correct their own faults. † Richard Glasstone 1999, 61 However, as with other motor learning theories, more research is needed in order to better understand exactly how movement cues are learnt; in this case, through observation and that â€Å"a comprehensive theoretical model† (Scully Newell cited in Salmoni 1989, 208) needs to be developed. Conclusion

How to do Close Reading and Improve Your Writing

Close reading is a term used to describe how you ought to be using your sources. The most important element of close reading is questioning; it is imperative that you actively engage the text in order to develop your own ideas to use as arguments.If at all possible, make your close reading your second reading of the source. If youve read it once already, you will have a basic understanding of the text, and you can focus on a more intensive questioning.Use highlighters   Take note of any and all points of interest in the text. If youve got a thesis in mind already, use several different colors of highlighter, each for information relevant to a separate prong of your argument. This will make your life much easier when you go back to integrate your sources, particularly if youve got an extensive amount of text to cover.Look for patterns   Be aware of recurring techniques-both literary and rhetorical-which the author uses to illustrate a concept. Specific sorts of imagery, allusion, or dialogue, which seem to be similar or related inevitably, reveal a larger intention that can be made into an argument.Ask questions   In expository work, continually ask yourself  Is this true? What evidence supports this statement? Can other conclusions be drawn from the facts of this text?  By deciding whether or not you agree with the arguments of your source, youll begin to crystallize more subtle arguments of your own. In literature, question the authors purpose in using particular narrative structures.  Why is this metaphor used? What does the comparison signify? Why do we learn this particular piece of information in such a manner? Why is the setting dwelled on so much in this passage? What is the relationship between setting and character?  Write these questions in the margins as you go along.Get down to the details   One of the most sophisticated close reading techniques you can incorporate into your work is an analysis of the multiple connotations of a speci fic word. Be aware of every single word the author uses. When you find one of particular interest, literally look it up in the dictionary and consider how each and every definition might be applied to the text. Even if the author uses it with one literal definition in mind, see if the connotations of the other definitions can be applied to your idea  (This is particularly true of Shakespeare).Consider the source in relation to other texts   If something in the work reminds you of something else youve read, theres quite possibly a good reason why. Consider how your source is a response to or a continuation of other texts. Always be on the look out for Christ symbolism and Greek mythological allusions; both are fairly easy to spot and can be effectively analyzed in support of a particular interpretation.

Free Essays on Theodore Roosevelt

The first president to push for conservation was Theodore Roosevelt. With the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, not quite 43, became the youngest President in the Nation's history. He brought new excitement and power to the Presidency, as he led Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy.(pg1) He took the view that the President as a "steward of the people" should take whatever action necessary for the public good unless expressly forbidden by law or the Constitution." I did not usurp power," he wrote, "but I did greatly broaden the use of executive power."(pg1) Some of Theodore Roosevelt's most effective achievements were in conservation. He added enormously to the national forests in the West, reserved lands for public use, and fostered great irrigation projects.(pg1) From the Teddy Roosevelt Autobiography While I had lived in the West I had come to realize the vital need of irrigation to the country, and I had been both amused and irritated by the attitude of Eastern men who obtained from Congress grants of National money to develop harbors and yet fought the use of the Nation's power to develop the irrigation work of the West. Major John Wesley Powell, the explorer of the Grand Caà ±on, and Director of the Geological Survey, was the first man who fought for irrigation, and he lived to see the Reclamation Act passed and construction actually begun. Mr. F. H. Newell, the present Director of the Reclamation Service, began his work as an assistant hydraulic engineer under Major Powell; and, unlike Powell, he appreciated the need of saving the forests and the soil as well as the need of irrigation. Between Powell and Newell came, as Director of the Geological Survey, Charles D. Walcott, who, after the Reclamation Act was passed, by his force, per tinacity, and tact, succeeded in putting the act into effect in the best possible manner. Senator Francis G.... Free Essays on Theodore Roosevelt Free Essays on Theodore Roosevelt The next essay, by Gail Bederman, is an astonishing account of Theodore Roosevelt’s rise to fame in the 1890’s. In this account, she tells of Roosevelt’s political beginnings as a State assemblyman of New York. Her account starts with his presence in the assembly seen as an effeminate man. He was mocked by his peers incessantly. They called him names such as ‘Jane-Dandy’ and ‘Punkin-Lily’, and even comparing him with the likes of a known homosexual, Oscar Wilde. Roosevelt knew his Political career was in great jeopardy of being diffused before it even began. Knowing something about his history, he quit the senate and traveled west after his mother and wife both passed away on the same day. Bederman seems to paint a slightly different tale of TR needing to make this change for his political life. Spending five years in the western wilderness not only gave him the ‘manliness’ he was looking for but the basis for his political ideology. That of a strong but civilized white man. Using an 1899 speech to coin his phrase ‘The Strenuous Life’, Roosevelt laid down his plan as he saw it for the American man. Using the philosophy of human evolution as his argument that the dominant species will overcome. His ideals of American virilty and manhood were mandatory if America the nation was to hold its own in the world. As he saw it, our fight against the savage Indians of the west was our calling to world dominance. To be over civilized, peaceful, and lenient was now something to be ashamed of. It was effeminate and a way to lose control of our destiny. If we became luxury-loving or lost our virile zest, someone else, a manlier race, would then step in and become the power of the world. He explained his imperialism this way. A man working for his family and country were not enough. This virile manhood required us to do work outside our nation, just like a man goes outside the home to work everyday. The opportunities of the time,... Free Essays on Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt At the time of Roosevelt’s presidency the U.S. was a country rapidly coming into its own with Roosevelt as a president whom not only kept up, but pushed it even faster. Both on the domestic and international front Roosevelt aggressively expanded the power of presidency, the federal government and our nation. It was in the business area in which Roosevelt most aggressively expanded the power of federal government. The government passed few business regulations and in general left business to do as they saw fit. Roosevelt was the first who thought it was the duty of the federal government to make sure that they were responding to public’s needs. Because of this he actively regulated business by enforcing the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and pushing new regulatory legislation through congress. Roosevelt also worked to pass two events that marked the turning point of legislation, the Pure Food and Drug act and Meat Inspection bill. These laws were intended to protect consumers against those in the food industry, especially meat packing. Meat packers used rotten and diseased meat processed in unsanitary conditions and put labels on cans that had little or no relationship to its actual content. This problem Roosevelt personally experienced. Roosevelt’s greatest ally in this struggle against the meat packers was the novel â€Å"The Jungle† by Upton Sinclair. International affairs were marked by the same aggression as domestic affairs. The U.S. was already under the Monroe Doctrine, but it was Roosevelt who added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. This confirmed the restriction on European activities in the Western Hemisphere, but added the idea that when a country in the Western Hemisphere did not behave, such as paying off their debts to European countries the U.S. Had a responsibility to discipline them. Roosevelt’s extensive control over the Western Hemisphere especially the Caribbean was direc... Free Essays on Theodore Roosevelt The first president to push for conservation was Theodore Roosevelt. With the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, not quite 43, became the youngest President in the Nation's history. He brought new excitement and power to the Presidency, as he led Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy.(pg1) He took the view that the President as a "steward of the people" should take whatever action necessary for the public good unless expressly forbidden by law or the Constitution." I did not usurp power," he wrote, "but I did greatly broaden the use of executive power."(pg1) Some of Theodore Roosevelt's most effective achievements were in conservation. He added enormously to the national forests in the West, reserved lands for public use, and fostered great irrigation projects.(pg1) From the Teddy Roosevelt Autobiography While I had lived in the West I had come to realize the vital need of irrigation to the country, and I had been both amused and irritated by the attitude of Eastern men who obtained from Congress grants of National money to develop harbors and yet fought the use of the Nation's power to develop the irrigation work of the West. Major John Wesley Powell, the explorer of the Grand Caà ±on, and Director of the Geological Survey, was the first man who fought for irrigation, and he lived to see the Reclamation Act passed and construction actually begun. Mr. F. H. Newell, the present Director of the Reclamation Service, began his work as an assistant hydraulic engineer under Major Powell; and, unlike Powell, he appreciated the need of saving the forests and the soil as well as the need of irrigation. Between Powell and Newell came, as Director of the Geological Survey, Charles D. Walcott, who, after the Reclamation Act was passed, by his force, per tinacity, and tact, succeeded in putting the act into effect in the best possible manner. Senator Francis G....

Screening report Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Screening report - Movie Review Example As Sirk intended All that Heaven Allows to be a critic of the conventional American values, the movie successfully resorts to the exploitation of appropriate angles of vision, to accentuate this theme. The movie typically opens up with a high-angle shot of a cold and aloof church spire in New England, thereby making the values symbolized by it that governed the lives of the people inhabiting that town look petty, insignificant and flimsy. The other theme that the director intended to accentuate was the literal and thematic asphyxiation of Cary, by the dominant social norms and values. Metty successfully managed to visually develop this theme by resorting to placing frames within frames. Many a times the main character Cary is shown to be positioned within frames, as behind the windowpanes or the foreboding reflection of Cary in the television set, symbolizing and pointing towards her metaphorical and actual

Critique of Academic Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique of Academic Journal - Essay Example However, this diversity's gradual move into the normal corporate field has brought with it a few negative outcomes (Kelan 2009). It makes it harder to deal with instances of subtle discrimination against women (Calas and Smircich 2006). This diversity simply eliminates the more obvious types of gender discrimination while allowing the attitudes that support such practices to go unchallenged (Gill 2007). For instance, women are usually exempted from the networking that takes place among the men in the workplace, as well as from working on with the business’s most prominent lawyers (Nentwich 2006). When women are confronted with such situations in an era that has actually had laws passed to support their functioning in the workplace, they are likely to think that they are the ones who are either too arrogant, or cold, and thus are not easy to approach for workplace friendships (Johns, Schmader and Martens 2005). They are not likely to suppose that the reason for their being left out of things is because they are women (Crump, Logan and McIlroy 2007). Critique Gender fatigue is constructive because it alerts the society that even with the existing laws and regulations that encourage women to work; women are still not treated in the same way as men in the workplace (Lewis 2006). For instance, in a recent research conducted in a business environment, it was established that male workers ignore what might appear to be gender discrimination because they equate their calmness in such instances with showing tolerance or acceptance (Bailyn 2003). Female workers, on the other hand, feel that if they work harder, they will be able to change the minds of sexist employers (Blau, Brinton and Grusky 2006). In such cases, it can be pointed out that ‘gender fatigue’ is an appropriate explanation for such pusillanimous behavior on the part of workers (Ely, Meyerson and Davidson 2006).   Elizabeth Kelan’s article on gender fatigue appears to bring up a n authentic problem that might actually be one of the reasons contributing to the continuing inequality that women experience in the workplace. The fact that her survey participants indicated that they had heard of cases of discrimination showed that such cases still exist even in an era in which many people feel that the goals of women being permanently accepted in the workplace have been sufficiently addressed. The fact that the workers being surveyed mentioned that instances of gender discrimination usually happen in singular episodes and not as a whole also contributes toward the ‘gender fatigue’ theory. If the incidences of discrimination against women happened in bulk, the opposition would have been more vocal. However, instances where some women are discriminated against and not others are not as visible and can cause doubts to arise when reported.    On the other hand, gender fatigue the article by Elisabeth Kelan on gender fatigue states that the workers that she used in her study were not only convinced that their companies were gender neutral, and were examined on merit. These contributors also quoted statistics on sexism from the previous one or two decades. This means that the situation may have changed in the last few years; and that if gender inequalities still exist, the

President Ronald Reagan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

President Ronald Reagan - Term Paper Example One such example of a nation with rich history of leaders is the United States. In the modern society of the United States, the president is viewed as the greatest leader of the country. The US has had its share of its own leaders, from the first presidents and community heads, to today’s president, Barrack Obama. One of these leaders of the American nation who served as a president is Ronald Reagan. He has numerous contributions during his term, but one must objectively assess these contributions, so as to fully appreciate whether these contributions and achievements had any real impact or effect. In relation, this paper will then look into the said contributions and achievements of a US president, specifically Ronal Reagan. This paper will first present an overall look at the president’s biography, especially focusing on Reagan’s term as the president of the United States. Afterwards, this paper will then present a critical appraisal of the president’s c ontribution to the country, using the different criteria provided by different secondary literatures and resources. In here, different ratings or appraisals will be given to the president and his performance, based on the said literatures. In addition, after different individual grades, an overall grade or evaluation of former president Ronald Reagan will be presented. More importantly, this paper will attempt to prove that President Ronald Reagan can be given a grade of A-, based on his achievements and accomplishments, also including numerous issues, controversies, and problems that arose during his reign as president. Biography and Overview of President’s Administration Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on the 6th of February in 1911, in a second floor apartment in Tampico, Illinois, where his parents resided at the time. The young Reagan was then raised in Dixon, and he received his education at Eureka College, graduating with a degree of Bachelor of Arts in Sociology and Eco nomics.1 After he graduated, Reagan first went into the entertainment sector, wherein he served as a radio broadcaster in Iowa. He then moved to Los Angeles in 1937, where his career in the entertainment sector soared as he found roles for acting in films, and then television shows.2 Some of Reagan’s most notable films include Bedtime for Bonzo, Kings Row, All American, and numerous others. In the later years of his career as an actor, Reagan found himself serving as the president of the Screen Actors Guild. Later, he also became the spokesman for the company General Electric (GE), where history saw to the earlier beginnings of his political career.3 Reagan was originally a member and follower of the Democratic Party, but by the late 1950s, his positions started shifting rightward and by 1962, he transferred to the Republican Party. His most notable move to the political arena was seen when, after delivering a stirring speech in 1964 supporting the presidential candidacy of t hen candidate Barry Goldwater, his leadership potentials were noticed and then brought to the limelight. With this acknowledgement of his potentials, Reagan was then persuaded to run for the governorship. Two years later, he won the said California governorship, a position he won again in 1970.4 In 1968, he ran for presidential nomination as candidate for the Republican Party, but he lost, and again in 1976, he ran for the same nomination for presidential candidacy but was defeated. Finally, in 1980, he won the said

Investigation into Stress Capacity

Investigation into Stress Capacity This physics experiment was conducted to investigate stress capacity or known as tensile strength. We had to determine the relationship between the force applied on an object and the extension of the elastic material. The link between the force applied and the extension of the spring is governed by Hookes Law. To establish this connection, we need to measure the relationship between the force applied and the extension. We did this by adding a series of masses, which builds the force on the spring (The Professor, 2016). Hookes Law: When an elastic object is stretched, the expanded length is called extension. The extension of the elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied to it also known as F=kx. F is Force and expressed in Newtons (N). k is the spring constant expressed in newtons per metre (N/m) x is the extension expressed in metres (m). (BBC Bitesize, 2016) A force causes an object to undergo changes, forces that are unbalanced change speed, shape or direction. Gravitational forces are only in effect if there are two or more masses while friction opposes motion (BBC Bitesize,2017). Forces that affected this experiment are: Gravitational Force, Applied Force, Tensional Force. Gravitational Force: A force of attraction between all objects, it depends on the masses of the object and the distance between them. The larger object, the stronger the gravitational force. Applied Force: A force when an object is being pushed or pulled by another object. Applied forces causes an object to undergo changes in acceleration, velocity and direction. The force equation is F=ma. Tensional Force: It is a force that is transmitted through a string, cable, elastic band, rope or a wire. Tensional force is directed along the length of the object when it is pulled by forces from opposite ends. The relationship between stress and strain is known as the stress-strain curve. It is different for each material and is found by recording the amount of deformation at distinct intervals of tensile or compressive loading. Strain is relative change in shape or size of an object due to externally applied forces. This means it becomes dimensionless and has no units. Stress is the internal force (per unit area) associated with strain. It is predicted that the two materials will show different conclusions. I believe that the silicon tube has higher capability of holding larger masses. It depends on the length and thickness of the material. The prediction is that the silicon tube will have the highest stress capacity and wont have a long extension while the elastic band will stretch the furthest but wons have much stress capacity. Equipment Retort Stand Clamp 1 Metre Ruler Mass Hanger Silicon Tube Elastic Band 50g and 100g Masses Notebook and Pen Procedure Setup Retort stand and clamp. To start with, place the material/object on without any stress. Measure the weight of the mass hanger. Measure the length of the material/object. Place mass on it and measure the length to figure out extension Record results on table Repeat step 5, three times for each weight to allow results to be reliable then find average. Keep repeating step 5,6,7 until enough data has been recorded for each material Milan Abraham Elastic Band Mass (kg) Force Original Length 1st Extension 2nd Extension 3rd Extension Average 0 0 14.9 0.061 0.60N 14.9 +1.1 (16) +0.9 (15.8) +1 (15.9) +1 (15.9) 0.161 1.58N 14.9 +1.5 (16.4) +1.4 (16.3) +1.5 (16.4) +1.5 (16.4) 0.261 2.56N 14.9 +1.8 (16.7) +1.7 (16.6) +1.9 (16.8) +1.8 (16.7) 0.361 3.54N 14.9 +2.1 (17) +2 (16.9) +2.2 (17.1) +2.1 (17) 0.461 4.52N 14.9 +2.4 (17.3) +2.3 (17.2) +2.6 (17.5) +2.4 (17.3) 0.561 5.50N 14.9 +2.9 (17.8) +2.9 (17.8) +2.7 (17.6) +2.8 (17.7) Milan Abraham Silicon Tube Mass (kg) Force Original Length 1st Extension 2nd Extension 3rd Extension Average 0 0 72.2 0.061 0.60N 72.2 +2.3 (74.5) +2.3 (74.5) +2.8 (75) +2.5 (74.7) 0.161 1.58N 72.2 +4.3 (76.5) +4.3 (76.5) +4.3 (76.5) +4.3 (76.5) 0.261 2.56N 72.2 +5.3 (77.5) +6.3 (78.5) +5.8 (78) +5.8 (78) 0.361 3.54N 72.2 +7.8 (80) +7.8 (80) +8.3 (80.5) +8 (80.2) 0.461 4.52N 72.2 +8.8 (81) +8.3 (80.5) +8.8 (81) +8.6 (80.8) 0.561 5.50N 72.2 +10.3 (82.5) +9.8 (82) +9.8 (82) +10 (82.2) 0.98 1.4 0.7 The Elastic band and Silicon tube was hung vertically with a mass hanger to the end of the material. Masses from 61g to 561g were added. The length of the elastic band was measured once it was at rest. In this structure, certain forces were in effect. Gravitational force directed the hanging masses downwards. The Applied Force in this case is the masses pushes the elastic material downwards with gravity supporting it.   Restoring Force directs the elastic material upwards, in the opposite direction of displacement. Tension is directed through each material pulling each end. Using Newtons Law the spring constant was calculated for each material. F=ma was transferred into W=mg to calculate gravity. To find the spring constant for the elastic band, mass was turned into dynes. Gravity times mass= dynes. 9836.07 times 0.561 = 5518.04 dynes. Then it is dynes divided by extension(cm) which is 5518.07 divided by 2.8 = 1970.74 dynes/cm which is 1.97N/m. The spring constant for the silicon t ube was which is 0.55N/m. The intercept for the best fit straight line is close to the origin and is also consistent with Hookes Law. To minimise errors, we should have viewed the ruler from specific angles to make sure it was vertical. The scale should be viewed at eye level to avoid parallax error. There were some issues with the retort stand so some equipment was not fit for the experiment and were faulty. In some instances, we needed to make sure that when the person was adding mass, he didnt stretch the material while he was doing it so the results could be accurate. We reduced the decimal places to two so that results could be easy to substitute while being accurate. The hypothesis was predicted to be that the elastic band while have a longer extension than the silicon tube and the silicon tube would be stronger than the elastic band. The prediction wasnt correct as from results it says that silicon tube had a bigger extension which was a surprising result as the material was much thicker. The elastic band had the best result because it showed results that were somewhat predicted and accurate. Through this experiment investigated stress capacity, Hookes Law and certain forces which have influenced the experiment. The hypothesis wasnt as predicted. For this experiment, we determine the spring constant and Youngs Module, we had to interpret the behaviour of two different materials. The results will be analysed to determine what is happening to the materials physically and which one is more capable of the masses. The two types of materials used for this experiment were an elastic band and a tube of silicon rubber.

Birth Order Essay -- essays research papers

Sigmeund Freud was the first psychotherapist to say: "a child's position in the sequence of brother and sisters is of very great significance for one course of his later life" (Richardson 12). One's birth order position (whether born first, second, last, etc.), one's sex (male or female), and the sex of one's siblings affects the kind of person one becomes. People often say they can't understand "how people from the same family can be so different". What they do not realize is that each sibling is born into a different family. Each new child needs to create a unique identity separate from the others. However this new identity is created within the context of those who are already there. The people in a family change in many ways between the birth of each new child. Many variables impact on each sibling. These include the physical circumstances in which a family finds itself, (ie. location, income, residents), the emotional stability of the family, (ie. well adjus ted parents, parental experience, settled career), and lastly the state in which they find themselves, (ie. decade, wartime, country). These variables mean that each child will be treated differently by parents and siblings and this is done usually unintentionally. One must remember that birth order does not determine the basic values of a person or the person's value to society. It affects social interactions more than attitudes and ethnical stances. Your birth order and sex determines in a large part how other people in your family react to you and treat you which in turn influences what you think about yourself and how you react to and treat others inside and outside the family. Your birth order and gender affect primarily your social behaviour and how you relate to other people in your life. They affect the way you relate to your spouse, your friends and the skills you bring to parenting. Birth affects what kind of a spouse you will be because of how you grew up. "It is useful to know that something as simple as birth order can account for major conflicts in a relationship and that neither person is to 'blame'" (Richardson 17). When one understands, for example, that an oldest brother of brothers and an oldest sister of sisters are bound to have conflicts over who is in charge, they can stop blaming each... ...table position is that of the only child which usually takes on the role of a firstborn and then some. Hence, an only child is often referred to as the "Super First Born". "It is a scientific fact proven time and again that your position in your family shapes your approach to life" (Leman 9). Your birth order and sex determines a large part how other people in your family react to you and treat you which in turn influences what you think about yourself and how you react to and treat others inside and outside the family. It should also be noted that birth order not only affects reactions and behaviour. One's birth order affects a plethora of things which include one's IQ, consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and drugs, depression and mental illness, and creativity. (Ernst i - v) The topic birth order has proven to be very interesting and educational. It is amazing and fun to know more about yourself and your siblings through the order in which we were all born. O ne can only wonder how much one's life is out of one's control by virtue of being born first, middle or last. Does birth order really determine who one is or will become or do other factors come into play?

Research Paper on a Tale of Two Cities

Formal Plot Summary Lucie Manette is a central character in the novel. She tends to affect the characters around her in a brightening manor. For instance she mends her father’s psyche through her unconditional love. Because of her ability to affect others in a liberating sense she attracts other characters such as Stryver, Charles Darnay, and Sydney Carton. She also is able to bring light to the life of family friend Jarvis Lorry. Another way Lucie is central is through her constant placement in â€Å"love triangles† the most obvious being Carton and Darnay. A second triangle she finds herself in is between Dr. Manette and Darnay. Sydney Carton is the protagonist of the novel. He dies by the blade of the guillotine to save Darnay. Carton is introduced in the beginning of the novel as an indifferent, drunkard of a lawyer. He seeks no true meaning to life or find pursuit in attaining any future goals. He is a complex character, because he ends up finding meaning, when he falls in love with Lucie Manette. He works early hours for Stryver while wearing sopping towels. He has thrown away much potential, yet he retains sympathy from people by fulfilling a promise to Lucie. Another dimension to Sydney Carton is that he is a social outcast. He has no place in the English class system. Yet, when Carton goes to Paris he becomes a new person. He finds fulfillment in life and in his death. Charles Darnay plays the role of romantic lead. He becomes the love interest and eventually the husband of Lucie. Darnay’s real name is revealed to Dr. Mannette in exchange for his daughter’s hand in marriage—his name is revealed to be St. Evremonde. Darnay is a symbol of sacrifice, when he gives up his home in France to pursue a life in England. He gives up his old privileges to become a tutor of the French language. Dr. Manette spent eighteen years in jail. To keep his mind in prison, he developed a skill in shoemaking. Dr. Manette suffers from spells of amnesia. Throughout the novel Dr. Manette grows as a character. He develops strength and confidence that he had lost in solitary confinement. An example of this is his ability to reason with the revolutionaries to keep Darnay alive. Five years later Charles Darnay is introduced on the stand of a court house. He is being tried for treason. Lorry and Lucie testify to save Darnay, but he saved by his Lawyer Stryver. The case that was made to save Darnay was that he could not possibly be spy because of his resemblance to Sydney Carton—an indifferent lawyer. As this is going on, Darnay, proposes to Lucie. They become engaged. Sydney Carton also reveals his love for Lucie. He understand that he cannot have her, so he promises to give his life for anyone sacred to her. While the marriage ceremony is commencing it is told to Dr. Manette that there were hidden papers found in a prison. This event sends Dr. Manette into shock for several days. Earlier in the day Darnay tells Dr. Manette his true name—Charles St. Evremonde. The French Revolution has now broken out, it is 1789. Defarge has lead an attack on the Bastille while his wife controls the revolutionary women. They burn down everything related with the St. Evremonde name. Gabelle, father of the killed child, is imprisoned. Darnay hears of this tragic event and rushes to France. While he is attempting to help Gabelle, Darnay is seized by revolutionaries as an aristocrat. Dr. Manette has much influence because of his time spent in the Bastille, he is able to visit Darnay, but no free him. Fifteen months later Darnay is brought up before the French Tribunal. As a result of Dr Manette and Gabelles’ testimonies he is set free. As Darnay is leaving, he is rearrested due to the efforts of Madame and Monsieur Defarge. Sydney Carton appears and informs Travis Lorry. Sydney Carton forces John Basard (he once testified against Darnay) to cooperate with him, or he’d reveal Basards illegal maneuvers of spying on prisoners. The following day Carton goes to visit Darnay, drugs him, and takes his clothes. Carton planned on fulfilling his promise to Lucie. Barsard rushes Darnay’s unconscious body out of jail to be with his family and flee safely. Madame Defarge goes to Manette’s apartment to kill Lucie, but meets Miss Pross. Miss Pross fights off Defarge who fires the pistol killing herself. Carton meets the guillotine. He is calm and is optimistic of his death. He dies with a face that is at peace. One major conflict in the novel is between Charles Darnay and his uncle. The conflict is external. There is a fight about Darnay selling the old establishment in France. Darnay’s uncle curses him. There is no resolution to this conflict, but Darnay’s uncle meets his demise when he is stabbed to death by Gabelle. One major internal conflict is between Carton and his inability to pursue any goals. He is revealed as a waste. He becomes the saddest story, when he is born with all the potential in the world but does nothing with it. The conflict is finally resolved when he keeps his promise to Lucie, when he takes his life for Darnay. He is able to come to terms and feel at peace. Sacrifice becomes a central theme in the novel. One example is when Darnay gives up his aristocratic lifestyle to pursue life in England. Another example is Carton when he sacrifices his life in order to save Darnay, so that Darnay can flee the country with Lucie. Another obvious them in A Tale of Two Cities is love and hate. An obvious example of love is Miss Pross protecting Lucie’s life by fighting off Madame Defarge. Miss Pross risks her own life to save another. The best example of love is Carton’s promise to Lucie. In order to promise his life to Lucie, he had to love someone more than himself. An example of hate is Madame Defarge’s attempts to kill those who had relations with Darnay. She wanted vengeance, which is a byproduct of hate. Her hate for aristocracy drives her to almost successfully getting Darnay killed by the guillotine. Another major theme which should be mentioned is death. Carton has to die in order for Darnayto live. Throughout the novel there is speak of death and violence. There were multiple descriptions in the novel of death by guillotine and scenes of the bloodshed due to revolutionary violence. One example I was able to clearly recognize was the guillotine. It symbolized death. Such as when it killed Carton. It also symbolized revolutionary violence. Evidence of this was whenever speak of revolutionary actions were shown, the guillotine was mentioned. Another example was Madame Defarge’s knitting. She would knit the names of the people she desired to kill. It was a symbol of their fate. Her knitting was a symbol of fate because every time she knitted someone’s name into her pattern, they would be marked to die. My personal reaction to the book was that it was very complicated to understand. Dickens’ word usage made simple sentences much too complicated to understand. I had to read the book with a dictionary. It took me from anywhere between twenty and thirty minutes to read eight to nine pages. Although I struggled much with the novel, I enjoyed it. My research paper will be concentrated on the complexity of Sydney Carton. He constantly changed my view of him in the novel. At one point I might dislike him, but then in another section I gained understanding for him. I feel that I will be centering my thesis on paralleling the lives and views of both Sydney Carton and Charles Dickens. Works Cited Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. New York: Cassia Press, 1998.

history of the Internet essays

history of the Internet essays To know the history of the Internet it is very important, to know: what was the original goal to create Internet, what were the steps that had to be taken and who were the main players. In 1973, the U.S. Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) initiated a research programs to investigate techniques and technologies for interlining packet networks of various kinds. The objective was to develop communication protocols, which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. This was called the Interning project and the system of networks which emerged from the research was known as the "Internet." The system of protocols which was developed over the course of this research effort became known as the TCP/IP Protocol Suite, after the two initial protocols developed: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). Invention of the Internet. (ARPA) Advanced Research Projects Agency was an agency of U.S. Department of Defence, (ARPA) the emphasis was towards research, thus was not oriented only to a military product. The formation of this agency was part of the U.S. reaction to the launch of sputnik by Soviet Union in 1957. ARPA was assigned to research how to utilize their investment in computers via command and control Research. Two of the main goals of ARPA were: 1) To find a way to allow scientists at different locations to share information and collaborate on military and scientific projects. 2) To make sure if even part of the network were disabled r destroyed by a disaster such as nuclear war, that the network would still function. (ARPA) awarded Bolt Beranek and Bewman a contract to design and deploy a packet switching network. This project was called ARPANET. TCP/IP was developed by Department of Defence (DOD) research project to connect a number of different networks designed by different vendors into a network. And this led to the up come of ...

Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community Essay Example

Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community Essay Example Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community Paper Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community Paper Arthur Miller, many lies have been made by the Puritan Community. The witch trials took place during the times of the Salem In Massachusetts. This was a time of much hypocrisy in the people of the town of Salem. The witch trials involved many people to lie about the devil and witchcraft, which also harmed others in many ways. The Puritans of Massachusetts were a religious faction. Miler involved the Intense dishonesty over the Puritan Community. The story began with the dancing of the girls In the forest. These girls were: Ball Williams, Tuba, and Betty Pearls. When the girls were seen they became scared and ran off. This Is what led to the uprising In the town. Many people believed anything they heard or saw. They believed In an unconditional election In which God has no obligation to save anyone, no matter how little the problem is. The Puritans use this during the witch trials in which they hanged many people that were innocent of witchcraft. These hangings happened because everyone believed everything the girls said and showed. People in the crowd seemed awe struck by the girls and their ability to view people as witches or not. These hangings produced hysteria in the townspeople. In the story because of the dancing of the girls the priests of the town, Hale and Paris believed that the girls called the devil upon their town. Many people are accused of witch craft because of the girls. Abigail instigated her problems by lying, in order to avoid punishment and to remain an accepted member of the community. Author Miller described that she has, an endless capacity for dissembling. (9) She started out by trying to convince her uncle, Reverend Paris that she never participated in any acts of witchcraft. She deed an excuse for Betty, her cousin, who was lying unconscious in bed. She explained to Proctor, Oh, posh! We were dancing in the woods last night, and my uncle leaped in on us. She took fright, is all. (22) Mary Warren suggested that they confess everything so that they will Just get whipped rather than hung. When Abigail heard this, she said, Oh, well be Abigail said this because she was planning on saying or doing everything In her power to stay alive. When the girls supposedly brought Satan upon their town the people got frightened and the only way to get rid of the demons In the town Is through several hangings. The girls was the link between the people they could see Satan and the people that followed his work. Through the stories the girls lied about what they saw this should not have happened. The girls took their tear out on the people of the town and they did not even realize it. Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community By Abyssinian Puritan Community. The witch trials took place during the times of the Salem in religious faction. Miler involved the intense dishonesty over the Puritan Community. The story began with the dancing of the girls in the forest. These girls were: Abigail Williams, Tuba, and Betty Pars. When the girls were seen they became scared and ran off. This is what led to the uprising in the town. Many people believed anything they heard or saw. They believed in an unconditional election in which God heard this, she said, Oh, well be whipped! (19) Abigail said this because she was planning on saying or doing everything in her power to stay alive. And the only way to get rid of the demons in the town is through several hangings. Not have happened. The girls took their fear out on the people of the town and they

The Effect of Heroin on Pregnant women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Effect of Heroin on Pregnant women - Essay Example eroin, Marijuana, Brown sugar and others have adverse and harmful side affects and it is doubly harmful for any pregnant mother as it spoils her health. Once addicted to a drug, a person finds it extremely difficult to get over it and even if he or she Many pregnant, addicted, substance abusing mothers suffer tremendously when they go through withdrawal symptoms during later pregnancy and child birth. Initially when the drug is taken by a person, it makes them feel heavy and drowsy. They are hardly conscious of their surroundings and very often go into delirium. (Bauer, C.R., et al. September, 2005) Heroin affects the nervous system, making the person’s mental responses slow and clouded. Their breathing becomes heavy and slow and the Cardiac function slows down very much, sometimes to the point of death. Withdrawal symptoms are extremely difficult to go through. During this period, the mother experiences, extreme craving for the drug, and if left alone, can use it once again. The mother undergoing these symptoms is irrational and exhibits irritability. She becomes moody and throws a lot of frustration around. She has sleep abnormalities and The addicted pregnant mother experiences all this, in addition to severe hormonal imbalance which adversely affects the growing fetus in the mother’s womb. The results of such an experience, is fatal to the unborn child and may damage the fetus for life. Though it is quite a difficult task to treat addiction, yet there are ways and means that a person can get over his or her addiction. Treatment can be done in two ways. The person can be treated as an out – patient or in the very severe cases it is better to treat the addiction if she is an in- patient. For pregnant mothers addicted to heroin, it is better for them to be treated as in – patients because they can be always under the watchful eyes of the physician or nurse who could help immediately if things did not go quite right. Illicit drugs such as Heroin,

Computing;object oriented modelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computing;object oriented modelling - Essay Example Software having a large amount of programmers and developers associated with it are bound to cause confusion if their processing life cycle is not properly documented and diagrammed. Object Oriented Modeling is used during the requirements analysis and design phases of a software life cycle to properly document the features that are expected from the software. 90% of process modeling is done in the object oriented fashion due to its wide acceptance. When object oriented modeling was first introduced it was the target of a lot of criticism and a lot of languages claimed to be perfect for it. Later, UML (unified modeling language) was accepted as a standard. UML is a standard for object oriented modeling. Therefore, Object oriented modeling is a design technique used to model different objects (entities) participating or interacting with a system. After understanding what object oriented modeling is all about we must strive to answer the question whether it is worth spending time doing it. The basic reason for creating a proper documentation is to facilitate software reuse. Software reuse could be defined as , â€Å"placing reusable chunks of software on a shelf in a reuse library and then hoping that someone will later reuse these already written, already tested, already commercially hardened chunks of code in other applications, with great savings in cost and time.† (â€Å"Software Reuse and Software Product Lines† by http://www.biglever.com/technotes/reuse_spl.html?source=reuse) During the course of development of Information technology, IT professionals have realized that if software are developed systematically and not in an ad hoc fashion then their different modules could be used to facilitate different other software developments as well. Object oriented modeling could be an important tool for software reusability. Two factors make object oriented modeling really useful in the reusability of different software components. (â€Å"Going beyond

Partition as a Solution to Ethnic Civil Wars Term Paper

Partition as a Solution to Ethnic Civil Wars - Term Paper Example Such feelings are never in favor of a country because they start destroying the foundations of the country slowly and gradually. When a group of people starts feeling unprivileged as compared to other people, they raise their voice against the government officials and the government’s discriminating policies, which results in starting a civil war. Kirschner, in an article states, â€Å"Individuals are more likely to continue fighting once a war begins, foreseeing severely restricted opportunities, if not annihilation, under the current state†. The best way to deal with such kinds of problems is to negotiate with the ethnic groups in order to know their concerns. If a government becomes unable to satisfy the people properly, chances of conflicts start increasing in the country, which leads the country towards many problems, such as, demand for separation or partition within the state. Chapman and Roeder state, â€Å"Partition is more likely than alternative institutiona l arrangements—specifically, unitarism, de facto separation, and autonomy arrangements—to preserve the peace and facilitate democratization† (677-691). ... Partition is one of the strategies to terminate all sorts of ethnic wars in a country. When government do not find any other way to the solution of the problems, it starts thinking of partition within the state in order to let the ethnic groups live their life on their own. However, it is never an easy decision for any government because partition destroys the autonomy and power of the government of the country. Partitions not only affect the political structure and but also affect the control of central government. Apart from these disadvantages of partition, there are several advantages of partition for the ethnic groups. Let us discuss some of the most considerable benefits in some detail in order to get a better understanding of how partitions terminate the possibility of ethnic civil wars in a country. Solution to Ethnic Wars Partitions are a good solution to the end of ethnic wars. Ethnic conflicts give rise to many problems for a country. They not only destabilize the economy of a country but also disturb the peaceful atmosphere of the whole nation. Ethnic conflicts arise when a group of people belonging to some specific culture or society start feeling unprivileged and ignored by the government. Such groups raise their voice to stop discrimination and unfairness against minorities and to give full protection to their rights. When a government fails to fulfill the demands of the ethnic groups, they start movements and strikes against the government. It acts as the starting point towards partition. Such groups start demanding a separate nation or a separate place where they can live their lives independently and in accordance with their cultures. In history, there are many examples in which different movements against the governments

American monopolies Essay Example for Free

American monopolies Essay This short article by Douglas A. McIntyre paints a very good picture of how many of the American Technologies companies are pure monopolies within this industry. McIntyre opens this article by saying â€Å"A monopoly is either what the government says it is or what a dominant company’s competitors claim. The Governments opinion is the only one that counts†¦. † (McIntyre, 2012). McIntyre then mentioned that there was this Act that prohibits businesses from activities that are found to be anticompetitive that is called the 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act. After seeing this, I was curious of what was the true meaning behind this Act and after a few searches I found that according to Wikipedia, â€Å"The Sherman Antitrust Act is a landmark federal statute on United States competition law passed by Congress in 1890. It prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anticompetitive, and requires the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation. It was the first federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies, and today still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the United States federal government. † (Wikipedia 2013). After learning that such Act is in place, I now see why there are not very many true monopolies, meaning that they own 100% of the market and how the government has a say in how companies are ran. In my opinion, I honestly feel that is a very beneficial law to have in the books because it gives an entrepreneur or another business a fair chance at entering a chosen market. But on the other hand, it’d only be smart to enter a market that you honestly feel you have a chance to survive in, or you’d only be setting yourself up for failure. Anyhow, McIntyre goes on to provide a list called the â€Å"New Generation of American Monopolies† which is a list of all the biggest companies in the technology industry that control the markets in their respective produce. Not to my surprise of the many big names on this list, in which most reside in the Silicon Valley like Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Intel, Apple and even Paypal. Most of these are more of an Oligopoly, meaning they share the market, except for one that was of a surprise to me which was Sirius XM satellite radio simply for the fact that this company was the only true monopoly and does have 100% of the market. Maybe it was just because I really never thought about Sirius having competition? But maybe I didn’t think of this because they have absolutely zero competition. After a little more research on wikipedia, I found that back in the early 2000’s there was a little competition between two different satellite companies, XM and Sirius, but due to the money that it takes to keep satellites in orbit, the two realized that the only way they’d both survive was to merge, so in 2007 they did (Wikipedia). I truly found this article really interesting because it was broke down into each product,(i. e. search engine, operations system, social media sites, digital video streaming, microchips, tablet computer and even e-readers) and then explained why each of the top companies where so dominant. Some were there because of the sheer size of their company and others made it just because they made a better produce which made for a higher demand of that produce in which pinched out the competition. To just give a few of the examples, Google controls 90. 1% of the search engine market over Yahoo and Bing, Microsoft controls 89. 7% of the windows operating systems over Mac OS X and Linux, Intel controls 80. 3% of the microchips market over AMD, and Apple iPad controls 73% of the market over Android and Samsung (McIntyre, 2012). In conclusion, with all the advancements of technologies of today, each of these companies are respectable and are at the top of their game because they are all very efficient at what they do, highly profitable, price setters, great advertisers, and have the power to control the markets. Works Cited McIntyre, Douglas A. , (22 March 2011).The New Generation of American Monopolies. 24/7 Wallstreet. Retrieved from http://247wallst. com/investing/2011/03/22/the-new-generation-of-american-monopolies/print/ Wikipedia. (2 July 2013). In Wikipedia the free encyclopedia online. Retrieved from http://owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/10/.

Profitability And Sustainability Analysis Of Superstore Industry Marketing Essay

Profitability And Sustainability Analysis Of Superstore Industry Marketing Essay There are several framework on the financial performance have been became apparent during last couple of decades and most of them relates to social and financial performance, which are mainly associated around the corporate social responsibility and performance concept . Only few of the study emerged to evaluate financial performance and the sustainability of competitive advantage. Furthermore, most of the work has been associated with industry level but not the firm level, which is also more important to consider in the study on micro level. This is one the strong reason to investigate the firm level financial performance and the competitive advantage. However, there are some limitation related to data gathering for the industry analysis but it seems feasible to gather or access company level data and their availability. World Food Retail Overview After development in technology and policies in 1990, huge change in food industry has begun. With evolution in business globalisation, activities like mergers and acquisition has amplified which resulted growth of big players in efficient and dominant way. Globalisation also resulted an increase in tours and travel activities across the world. The expenses incurred on food and drink by a tourist is 30p on every  £1.00, as per survey conducted by regional tourist bodies of England, UK (IGD Global Retail Outlook Survey, August 2007). Among various sector, retail food sector create more value than that of others. The Organized food sector is such an area where both strong management system and sectorial operational specialization i.e. human and technology are mainly affected by large volume, Daily splitting in physical operations and lower margins, food retail in world are acumen and influenced by six basic trends: Uncertainty Variable Demographics Growth will/necessity Low Price Madness Technology Globalization It has been forecasted that the speed in retail globalization will further accelerate. In order to success, the competition between retailers and suppliers are more likely to increase in a diversified range of capability. Even though in retail sector, huge opportunities still exist, but success will depend on managing the risk and challenges at the same time by capturing the opportunities. According to IGD, In order to obtain sustainable growth, Retail Globalization has shifted its focus from flag-planting to targeted expansion. IGD conducted a survey in 12 countries where senior retailers and supplier has been questioned to derive the above statement (IGDs Global Retail Outlook Survey in August 2007), The top five supermarket companies in United Kingdom control a 50 percent share in market where as in Germany it is 60 percent and in France 90 percent (AC Nielsen). Industry Overview The top five biggest United Kingdom retailers and food selling companies influence the whole market, which are Tesco, Morrison, Sainsburys, Asda and Co-operative Group. In 2004, the whole market size was  £115 billion which includes the retailers from small shops who has store to the biggest supermarkets which have the full-scale operating chains. In 2004, Morrison ranked at 4th position among other 12 supermarkets in UK, which is illustrated below in Table (1). Whereas in 2008 February 79.4% market share captured by top 5 retailers i.e.30.9% by Tesco, 16.4% by Sainsburys, 11.6% by Morrison, 16.9% by Asda and 4.0% by Waitrose. Only 20.6% of market share has been left for others. With the above positioning Morrison can be concluded as upper-medium size food and grocery retailer in United Kingdom. Supermarket 2004 (%) 2005 (%) Aldi n/a 2.2 Asda 16.7 16.5 Co-op 4.8 n/a Iceland 2.1 1.9 Somerfield n/a 5.7* Lidl 1.8 n/a Marks and Spencer 3.5 n/a Morrison 14.6** 12.2** Netto 0.6 n/a Sainsburys 15.7 15.9 Tesco 29 29.8 Waitrose 3.5 3.7 To create portfolio, in same industry, five companies has been selected i.e. Tesco, Finsbury Food, Sainsburys, Thottons and Falkaland. In segregation, Sainsburys and Tesco are biggest supermarket, whereas Finsbury Food and Thorttons are the medium ones and Falkaland is small stores in UK. According to total asset, these portfolios almost represent the industry. Hence it is tried to increase the sample for closer representation of the population which is illustrated below in Table (2): UK Companies Size ( £) Falkland 24.25 Finsbury Food 102.60 Thorntorns 106.02 Morrison 7,370.90 Sainbarys 9,576.00 TESCO 24,775.00Table(2): the position of Morrison in the whole UKs industry according to total assets (2008) Business Drivers for sustainability strategies: There are various internal and external factors which might drives the growth in sustainability strategies in WM Morrisons and major supermarkets: Employees Communities Sustainable Product Development Competitors Green Buildings Waste Transportation and Logistics Costs Carbon Efficiency Rising Demand for Certified Products Expectation for Reporting and Performance Measurement Product Safety The above mentioned drivers are the key to change the retail sectors outlooks and providing competitive benefit to the retailers in terms of sustainability performance. Furthermore, competitive benefit can be drive by working with more innovative solution provider; brand owner and supply chain partners, which leads to reduce the cost the increases efficiency. Apart from above factors, supermarkets have already implemented a number of growth/sustainability strategies to achieve high growth. These are: Increasing focus into own label products. Expansion by organic growth and acquisition Convenience Sector Expansion Focus into nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ food items Graph 1 : Profit Margins of UK Supermarkets About Wm Morrison Supermarkets With acquisition of larger rival Safeway plc., Wm Morrison Supermarkets moved up in UK food chain. Founded in 1899, from 125 stores Wm Morrison runs approximately 425 stores in England and Scotland. It has already made a history beating UK supermarket giants like Tesco (the UKs No. 1 food retailer) and ASDA (Wal-Mart owned supermarket) in high concentrated acquisition battle. Through its Market Street specialty, Morrisons offer various food and non-food items. Morrison sell gas about 290 locations. With acquisition of Safeway, Wm Morrison enhanced its market presence with more than 12% share of grocery market. Aim of the Study The aim of this research is based on two objectives. The first objective is to examine the profitability of the WM Morrison within the superstore industry context in the UK market and secondly to examine the firms sustainability of competitive advantage on retail performance. Preliminary Literature Review The analysis of firm profitability is a bit difficult task because the majority of the performance indicator models focus on the success of various key financial indicators i.e. return on investment (ROI), return on assets (ROA) or return on capital employed (ROCE). These performance indicator models have been disapproved or criticized due to lack in the multiple dimensional approach of the performance as well as the its competitive advantages to organizations growth (Brignall and Ballantine, 1996). There are number of studies (Dawson,2005; Dess and Robinson,1984; Reynolds et al.,2005; Venkatraman and Ramanujam,1986) have faced challenge to consider right variables as a financial performance indicator. The understanding of the correct information and its non-availability to the public are the most common problems (Ailawadi et al., 1995). However, a number of alternative approaches have been implemented to getting best financial performance indicator in to order to handle above discussed problems. Therefore, subjective financial indicators are designed to measure firms performance i.e managers forecast on financial performance to compare with competitors performance. Although, some financial indictors has been considered in the number of empirical study (Capon et al.,1990; Dawson, 2005; Reynolds et al., 2005), which was significantly positive with the economic models. The most frequently used profitability indicator in the various studies could be return on equity, return on sale and return on investment etc. But still it is unconcluded regarding the best financial indicators to measure retail financial performance ( Ailawadi et al.,1995; Dawson,2005; Reynolds et al., 2005).On the other hand, the most commonly used performance indicators are rates of return, gross margin (Bradley and Taylor, 1992; Dobson, 2005; Reynolds et al., 2005) and sales growth, sales revenue (Doyle and Hooley,1992; Dobson,2005; Greenley,1995; Hooley et al.,1992; Reynolds et al.,2005). The accepted distinction between competitive advantage and sustained competitive advantage is matched by a range of studies which forward and debate the factors determining the sustainability of a competitive advantage (see Coyne, 1985; Williams, 1992). Whilst many of the studies of advantage sustainability are conducted from a resource based view, Porter (1980, 1990) contributes a number of observations at a more macro level. Briefly, Porter (1980) suggests that competitive advantage can only be sustained over time if consistent strategy is developed and applied promptly. Research Objective and Data Methodology An attempt has been made in this paper to analyze the profitability and examine the sustainability of competitive advantage on retail performance of the WM Morrison during 2005 -2010. Eventually top players will be identifying on the basis of total asset in UK superstore market. To identify competitors, Lexis-Nexis and Hoovers will be used. 5 years Balance sheet and other financial data will be extracted from Thomson One banker. The profitability of Morrison will be analyzed through decomposition method in context to peer group. Statistical analysis may be conducted as a support to the thesis. After performance analysis of Morrison, Industry performance will be compared to target company performance to analyze abnormality if any in the behavior pattern and the reason behind the pattern will be scrutinized. Analysis Factors: Return on Net Operating Assets (RNOA) Net Borrowing Cost (NBC) Operating profit margin Operating Liability Leverage Financial Liability Leverage (FLEV) Asset Turnover (ATO) Return on Common Equity (ROCE) Spread However one of the main aims is to analyze the driving factors for the performance of the firm and the industry and simultaneously to discuss the sustainability strategies of the firm for the competitive advantage. Conclusion

Macbeth - Evil And Darkness :: essays research papers

The play "Macbeth" by Shakespeare is jam-packed with malfeasance and darkness. All actions taken by Macbeth, his wife, Lady Macbeth, the witches and Hecate have immoral intentions and/or evil outcomes. An example of such is Lady Macbeth’s dark intentions to quicken Macbeth’s crowning, fuelled Macbeth’s "vaulting ambition[s]" (Act 1 scene 7 line 27) to murder anyone or anything that stood in his path of a long reign. Shakespeare often uses darkness and will frequently set the scene as a dark and stormy night. This depicts that evil happenings are occurring or are about to take place. There are at least three examples of this in "Macbeth". "The night has been unruly: where we lay,/Our chimneys were blown down; and, as they say,/Lamentings heard i’ the air; strange screams of death,..." (Act 2 scene 3 line 54-56). "Three score and ten I can remember well;/Within the volume of which time I have seen/Hours of dreadful and things strange, but this sore night/Hath trifled former knowings." (Act 2 scene 4 line 1-4). Both these quotes are talking about the night of Duncan’s death. They are showing the comparisons between the natural unruliness and the anomalous disaster. "And yet dark night strangles the travelling lamp." (Act 2 scene 4 line 7) is a metaphor for both the murder of Duncan and the night in which it transpired. A dark and stormy image is also portrayed when pernicious characters (ie. the witches, Macbeth and the murderers) meet. The witches play a very important role in "Macbeth", as they initiate the evil plot. Even from the prologue we can see the witches are evil. "Fair is foul, and foul is fair:" (Act 1 scene 1 line 11). They uphold their evil status throughout the play although their power is not fully demonstrated until the prophecies come true and also later where they conjure up the three apparitions. The witches are truly evil and love evil for its own self unlike Macbeth. "Spiteful and wrathful; who. as others do,/Loves for his own ends, not for you." (Act 3 scene 5 line 12-13). Throughout the play they provide the strongest impression of evil. They are continually committing mischievous deeds, such as, "Killing swine" (Act 1 scene 3 line 2), tormenting sailors and casting spells. "Macbeth" is built upon evil and sorcery. Whether it be the witches "Double, double, toil and trouble;/Fire burn and cauldron bubble." (Act